Although the use of eConsults has been established in several specialties-included but not limited to dermatology, cardiology, and nephrology-its use within the field of psychiatry has recently increased and may prove beneficial. The use of eConsults has steadily expanded over the years, with eConsults serving as an opportunity to improve health care quality and reduce specialty care costs. eConsults are provider-to-provider communications within a shared electronic medical record or web-based platform. The opportunity for collaboration between a PCP and psychiatrist can be achieved through eConsults. Increasing rates of specialist referrals and a shortage of specialist availability represent a growing need for timely specialist advice and increased collaboration between PCPs and psychiatrists to reduce gaps in care. Although primary care providers (PCPs) serve a crucial role in addressing the mental health needs of patients and providing access to care, referrals to specialists may be helpful in the treatment of many psychiatric conditions. Residents of small towns that are geographically far from larger metropolitan areas report significantly less treatment of mental health conditions than residents of cities, suburban areas, or rural areas adjacent to larger metropolitan areas. Rural populations are also faced with geographic isolation and greater stigmatization of mental health conditions. Patients in rural settings (in particular) face additional challenges in accessing mental health services. Although the demand for mental health treatment has been increasing, studies have demonstrated a shortage of mental health care clinicians, limited access to mental health care, and extensive wait times. Untreated mental illness has been associated with decreased functionality, reduced quality of life, heightened physical health complications, and premature mortality. Mental illness is especially prevalent, with nearly 1 in 5 adults meeting criteria for a psychiatric disorder.
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